The skin is a highly sophisticated barrier designed to protect the body from environmental toxins, pathogens, and pollutants. However, while its structure is remarkably resilient, it is not impermeable. Certain molecules can penetrate its layers, influencing both skin health and systemic biology. Understanding how substances are absorbed through the skin can help us make more informed choices about skincare, fabrics, fragrances, and even household cleaning supplies.

The Three Pathways of Skin Absorption

Chemicals and nutrients can enter the skin through three primary mechanisms:

• Intracellular Absorption – Small, water-soluble molecules navigate through individual skin cells in the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis. The stratum corneum consists of a dense network of dead keratinized cells, making this route accessible only to extremely small molecules.

• Intercellular Absorption – Larger molecules, such as oils and lipophilic compounds, travel between skin cells via the lipid-rich matrix composed of fatty acids, ceramides, and cholesterol. This pathway is particularly important for nutrient-dense botanical oils, which integrate seamlessly with the skin’s natural lipid barrier.

• Follicular Absorption – Hair follicles and pores provide a direct channel to deeper dermal layers. Although they account for only about 0.1% of the total skin surface, they offer an efficient route for ingredients to reach the blood vessels, lymphatic system, and even structural proteins like collagen and elastin. This can be beneficial when delivering active nutrients to support skin health, but it also underscores the importance of avoiding harmful substances that may circulate throughout the body.

Absorption is Highest on the Face

The face has some of the thinnest and most vascularized skin on the body, meaning that anything applied to this area has a greater likelihood of penetrating deeper layers. This is why selecting clean, biocompatible ingredients is critical—not just for skin health, but for overall well-being.

The Role of Lipids in Absorption

Oils and lipophilic compounds have a higher absorption rate than water-soluble ingredients. This is because the skin’s natural barrier is composed of lipid layers that recognize and integrate similar substances more efficiently. For optimal absorption and hydration, we recommend blending water-based serums with lipid-based oils. For instance, mixing RENEW (hydrating serum) with BALANCE or REPAIR (plant-based oils) allows for enhanced nutrient delivery while maintaining the skin’s moisture equilibrium.

The Science of Fragrance Absorption

Essential oils and synthetic fragrances contain some of the smallest molecular compounds, allowing them to rapidly enter the bloodstream. This is why fragrance quality is crucial—while synthetic perfumes may introduce endocrine-disrupting chemicals, botanically derived fragrances offer therapeutic benefits beyond the skin.

When applied topically, essential oils penetrate the skin and exert systemic effects, influencing mood, stress levels, and even physiological functions. Unlike synthetic compounds that may accumulate in the body, essential oils are volatile and efficiently metabolized, reducing the risk of long-term toxicity.

Toxins and Long-Term Bioaccumulation

While many substances are efficiently processed by the body's detoxification organs, some persist in tissues for years. Certain synthetic chemicals, including phthalates, parabens, and petroleum-based compounds, have been found to accumulate in the body, potentially interfering with hormone function, cellular repair, and immune health. Organizations like the Environmental Working Group (EWG) and the Skin Deep Database offer valuable resources for identifying and avoiding these harmful ingredients.

Making Informed Choices

Feeling overwhelmed? The good news is that by choosing bioavailable, non-toxic, and nutrient-rich ingredients, you can support both skin health and systemic function. At LINNÉ, we formulate with whole-plant extractions, organic botanical oils, and clinically proven actives that work in harmony with the skin’s natural biology—ensuring that what you apply is as beneficial to your body as it is to your skin.

Have questions? Email us at hello@linnebotanicals.com—we’re always happy to help guide you toward informed, conscious skincare choices.